Synopsis
Covers the whole plot, including the ending.
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Pacing
- Moderate
- Mood
- Enchanting, Whimsical, Romantic, Classic
- Read it if
- You love classic fairy tales with a touch of magic and romance, beautifully illustrated for a younger audience.
- Skip it if
- You prefer complex plots, modern narratives, or stories without clear-cut 'happily ever after' endings.
The Twelve Dancing Princesses Plot Summary
Covers the whole plot, including the ending.
The King's Decree and the Princesses' Secret
King Gregor is puzzled by his twelve daughters' dancing shoes, which are worn out every morning. Their room is locked, and no one can explain it. The King announces that any man who discovers where his daughters dance at night, and keeps the secret for three days, will marry a princess and inherit the kingdom. However, if he fails, he will be killed. Many princes and noblemen try, but all fail and disappear, leaving the princesses' secret safe.
A Young Soldier's Arrival
A young soldier named Peter, tired from war, hears about the King's offer and the dancing princesses. His fellow soldiers warn him of the dangers, but Peter decides to try. On his way to the castle, he meets an old woman. She gives him an invisible cloak and advises him, 'Do not drink the wine from the princesses.' Peter thanks her and continues to the castle, hopeful.
Peter's First Night of Vigil
At the castle, Peter meets King Gregor and is given a room next to the princesses' chamber. That night, the eldest princess, Rosamund, brings him a cup of wine. He pretends to drink it but pours it out as the old woman advised. He then lies down and pretends to sleep. The princesses, thinking he is asleep, start their preparations. Peter puts on his invisible cloak and watches Rosamund tap her bed, revealing a hidden staircase. The twelve princesses go down. Peter, feeling sleepy from the drugged wine (even though he did not drink it all), falls asleep and misses their departure.
The Second Night: The Silver Forest
On the second night, Peter is more alert. Again, he pretends to sleep after Rosamund offers him drugged wine. When the princesses go down the secret staircase, Peter, in his invisible cloak, follows them. They go through a dark tunnel to a forest where all the leaves are shimmering silver. The princesses stop to look. Peter, to get proof, breaks a twig from a silver tree. The twig makes a small sound, surprising the youngest princess, Lily, who says, 'Someone is following us!' Rosamund says it is just a branch in the wind, and they continue.
The Third Night: Golden and Diamond Forests
On the third night, Peter follows the princesses even more closely. They pass through the silver forest and then a forest where all the leaves are pure gold. Peter carefully breaks off a gold twig. Again, a sound startles Lily, but Rosamund reassures her. They then go into a third forest where the leaves sparkle like diamonds. Peter carefully takes a diamond twig, getting his last piece of evidence. The princesses, not knowing he is there, continue their journey.
The Twelve Princes and the Midnight Ball
After the three magical forests, the princesses arrive at a large, glittering lake. Twelve small boats, each with a prince, wait at the shore. Each princess gets into a boat with a prince, and they are rowed across the lake to a bright castle. Peter, still invisible, quickly jumps into the boat with Rosamund and her prince. They enter the castle, where a ball is happening. The princesses dance with their princes until their shoes are completely worn out, just as dawn arrives. Peter watches their secret activities.
The Return and Peter's Revelation
As the sun rises, the music stops, and the twelve princes take the tired princesses back across the lake and through the magical forests. Peter follows them invisibly, holding his three magical twigs. They go up the secret staircase, and the princesses quickly change into fresh clothes, hiding their worn-out dancing shoes. Peter returns to his room, hides the twigs, and waits to tell the King his discovery. He has now seen their secret for three nights and has clear proof.
Confrontation and Confession
On the fourth morning, Peter stands before King Gregor and his daughters. The King asks if he found out where his daughters dance. Peter calmly tells everything he saw: the secret staircase, the silver, gold, and diamond forests, the lake, the twelve princes, and the castle where they danced until their shoes were worn out. As proof, he shows the silver, gold, and diamond twigs. The princesses first deny it but then see the evidence. Rosamund, the eldest, finally confesses their nightly trips.
The Reward and Future
King Gregor is relieved and amazed by Peter's success. He asks Peter which of his daughters he wants to marry. Peter chooses Rosamund, the eldest princess, who is beautiful and smart. The King agrees, and Peter becomes heir to the kingdom. The twelve princes, who were under a spell, are banished from the underground kingdom for a number of years, breaking the spell on the princesses. Peter and Rosamund marry and rule the kingdom wisely.
The Twelve Dancing Princesses Characters
Peter
Protagonist
A humble soldier who solves the mystery of the dancing princesses.
Peter is a brave, resourceful, and observant young soldier who has little to his name but a keen mind and a strong will. Weary from war, he seeks his fortune by taking on the King's dangerous challenge. He is humble, respectful, and intelligent enough to heed the old woman's advice. His determination and cleverness in feigning sleep and using the invisible cloak allow him to uncover the princesses' secret, ultimately changing his destiny from a poor soldier to a prince and heir. He is driven by a desire for a better life and a sense of adventure.
Relationships: King Gregor (potential son-in-law, solver of the mystery); Rosamund (future wife, princess he chooses); Old Woman (benefactor, giver of magical aid and advice)
King Gregor
Supporting
The bewildered father of the twelve princesses, seeking to uncover their nightly secret.
King Gregor is a loving but perplexed father who is desperate to understand why his twelve daughters' dancing shoes are worn out every morning. He is a man of his word, offering a grand reward but also imposing a severe penalty for failure, reflecting his frustration and the seriousness of the mystery. He is fair and just, upholding his decree once Peter successfully reveals the truth. His primary motivation is to protect his daughters and solve the inexplicable phenomenon happening within his castle walls.
Relationships: The Twelve Princesses (father); Peter (future son-in-law, the one who solves his problem)
Rosamund
Supporting
The eldest of the twelve dancing princesses, leader of her sisters.
Rosamund is the eldest and seemingly the most responsible of the twelve princesses. She acts as the leader, initiating the nightly ritual of descending the secret staircase and often dismissing her younger sisters' suspicions (like Lily's). She is beautiful and graceful, enjoying the nightly dances with the enchanted princes. Although she participates in the deception, she eventually confesses the truth when confronted with Peter's irrefutable evidence. She is Peter's chosen bride, indicating her grace and intelligence.
Relationships: The Eleven Younger Princesses (elder sister, leader); Peter (future husband, the one who uncovers her secret); King Gregor (father)
Lily
Supporting
The youngest of the twelve princesses, more perceptive than her older sisters.
Lily is the youngest of the twelve princesses and is portrayed as being more sensitive and observant than her older sisters. She is the one who repeatedly senses Peter's invisible presence, exclaiming 'Someone is following us!' when Peter snaps twigs in the magical forests. Her instincts are often dismissed by Rosamund, highlighting her youth and the sisters' collective desire to maintain their secret. She represents a touch of innocence and a more immediate connection to the magical occurrences.
Relationships: The Eleven Older Princesses (youngest sister); Peter (the invisible follower she senses)
The Old Woman
Supporting
A mysterious benefactor who provides Peter with crucial magical aid and advice.
The old woman is a benevolent, magical figure who appears to Peter on his journey to the castle. She possesses supernatural knowledge and gifts, providing him with an invisible cloak and the vital advice to 'drink no wine from the princesses' hands.' Her intervention is crucial to Peter's success, as without her help, he would undoubtedly have failed like all the other suitors. She represents the helpful magical element often found in fairy tales, guiding the hero towards his destiny.
Relationships: Peter (magical helper, advisor)
The Twelve Princes
Supporting
Enchanted princes who dance with the princesses nightly in an underground palace.
The twelve princes are handsome and charming figures who await the princesses nightly by the magical lake. They are under an enchantment that compels them to dance with the princesses until their shoes are worn through. They are not fully developed characters but serve as the catalysts for the princesses' nightly escapades and the reason for their worn-out shoes. Their enchantment is broken once the secret is revealed, and they are banished from the underground kingdom for a period of time, signifying the end of the princesses' secret life.
Relationships: The Twelve Princesses (dancing partners, enchanted suitors)
Other Suitors
Mentioned
Numerous noblemen and princes who failed the King's challenge and disappeared.
These are the many men who attempted to solve the mystery of the dancing princesses before Peter. They are mentioned briefly to establish the danger and difficulty of the King's challenge. Their repeated failures and mysterious disappearances underscore the power of the princesses' secret and the magical forces at play, setting a high bar for Peter's success. They serve as a narrative device to heighten the stakes and make Peter's eventual triumph more impressive.
Relationships: King Gregor (previous challengers)
The Twelve Dancing Princesses Themes
Secrets and Deception
The main problem is the princesses' secret and their attempts to hide it from their father. They drug the wine of anyone trying to discover their activities and deny everything. Peter succeeds because he sees through their deception and exposes the truth using his own stealth (the invisible cloak and pretending to sleep). This idea explores what happens when actions are hidden and how truth eventually wins.
“Someone is following us!' whispered the youngest princess, Lily. 'Nonsense,' said Rosamund. 'It is only a branch catching on a breeze.”
Magic and Enchantment
Magic is everywhere in the story. It creates the problem and the solution. The princesses' nightly trip includes a staircase that appears magically, three enchanted forests (silver, gold, diamond), and possibly enchanted princes who dance them until their shoes are worn. Peter's success comes from the magical invisible cloak and the old woman's magical advice. The story shows how magic can create wonder and mystery, and how other magic or cleverness can overcome it.
“The old woman smiled mysteriously. 'Take this invisible cloak,' she said, 'and drink no wine from the princesses' hands.'”
Curiosity and Discovery
The King's curiosity about his daughters' worn shoes starts the whole story. Peter, driven by curiosity, ambition, and wanting a better life, begins to investigate. He watches, follows, and gathers evidence, showing a spirit of inquiry. The story values finding hidden truths and the rewards that come from persistent searching, turning the unknown into the known.
“King Gregor was bewildered. Every morning his twelve beautiful daughters' dancing shoes were found worn to shreds, yet no one knew how.”
Consequences of Actions
The story shows that actions have results. The princesses' nightly fun, while enjoyable, leads to a royal order that risks their secret and the lives of many suitors. Peter's brave and smart actions lead to his reward and a new life. The twelve princes are banished for their part in the enchantment once the secret is known. This idea shows that all characters are responsible for their choices.
“If any man can discover where they dance, and keep the secret for three days and three nights, he shall choose a princess for his wife and inherit my kingdom. But if he fails, he shall lose his head!'”
Plot Devices & Literary Techniques
The Invisible Cloak
A magical garment that allows Peter to secretly follow the princesses.
The invisible cloak is a classic magical artifact that serves as a crucial plot device. Gifted to Peter by the mysterious old woman, it allows him to bypass the princesses' security and observe their nightly activities without being detected. This device is essential for Peter to gather the necessary evidence, as without it, he would have been caught or drugged like all the previous suitors. It represents the magical aid often granted to fairy tale heroes and directly facilitates the resolution of the central mystery.
The Drugged Wine
A deceptive drink used by the princesses to incapacitate observers.
The drugged wine is a key element of the princesses' deception. Offered to any man attempting to discover their secret, it is intended to make him fall into a deep sleep, ensuring their nightly escape remains unobserved. This device highlights the princesses' cunning and resourcefulness in protecting their secret. Peter's ability to avoid drinking it, thanks to the old woman's advice, is a pivotal moment, allowing him to stay awake and follow them, thus overcoming the primary obstacle faced by previous suitors.
The Magical Forests and Lake
Enchanted settings that reveal the princesses' extraordinary journey.
The three forests (silver, gold, diamond) and the magical lake serve as the fantastical settings for the princesses' secret journey. These locations are not merely backdrops; they are integral to the mystery and provide the tangible proof Peter needs. The twigs Peter breaks off from the trees are physical evidence that confirms his story and exposes the princesses' secret to the King. These settings enhance the magical atmosphere of the tale and provide a visual progression of the princesses' nightly adventure.
The Worn-Out Dancing Shoes
The central mystery and tangible evidence of the princesses' nightly activities.
The worn-out dancing shoes are the inciting incident of the entire story and the physical manifestation of the princesses' secret. They represent the inexplicable problem that King Gregor faces and drive his decree. For Peter, the shoes are the ultimate proof of the princesses' extensive nightly dancing, confirming his observations of the ball. This recurring detail establishes the core mystery and ultimately serves as the visual confirmation of the princesses' extensive and tireless revelry.
The Twelve Dancing Princesses Quotes
“Every night, the king locked the door to his daughters' room, but every morning, their dancing slippers were worn through.”
“I will discover your secret, or I will lose my head.”
“The princesses danced until their slippers were in tatters, lost in the magic of the night.”
“Beneath the silver trees, they danced with princes from a hidden world.”
“A soldier, wise and kind, followed them silently through the enchanted forest.”
“The eldest princess sighed, 'We are bound by magic, yet we long for the day.'”
“With a cloak of invisibility, he witnessed their secret dances.”
“The king declared, 'He who solves this riddle shall marry the princess of his choice.'”
“In the golden hall, music played without musicians, and the air sparkled with enchantment.”
“She whispered to the soldier, 'You have seen our joy and our sorrow.'”
“The spell was broken not by force, but by truth and a gentle heart.”
“Twelve pairs of worn slippers told a tale of nights filled with magic and mystery.”
“He chose not the eldest, but the one whose eyes held the deepest understanding.”
“The underground river flowed with silver, reflecting the stars of their hidden sky.”
Quiz
10 questions on the plot and the characters. Each answer comes with a short explanation.
Question 1
What is the main problem that the king faces at the beginning of the story?
- His daughters are being kidnapped every night
- His daughters' shoes are worn out every morning from dancing
- His daughters refuse to eat their meals
- His daughters are arguing constantly with each other
Show answer
B. His daughters' shoes are worn out every morning from dancing In Ruth Sanderson's retelling, the king discovers that his twelve daughters' shoes are mysteriously worn to pieces each morning, despite them being locked in their room at night, which sets the central mystery of the story.
Question 2
What does the king offer as a reward to anyone who can solve the mystery of the worn-out shoes?
- A bag of gold coins
- Marriage to one of the princesses and the kingdom
- A magical cloak of invisibility
- A position as the royal advisor
Show answer
B. Marriage to one of the princesses and the kingdom The king promises that whoever discovers where the princesses go at night will be allowed to marry one of them and eventually inherit the kingdom, motivating many suitors to attempt the challenge.
Question 3
How does the soldier, Michael, avoid falling asleep like the previous suitors?
- He drinks a special potion given by a witch
- He pretends to sleep but stays awake secretly
- He follows advice from an old woman to not drink the wine offered by the princesses
- He ties a string to his finger to keep himself alert
Show answer
C. He follows advice from an old woman to not drink the wine offered by the princesses An old woman advises Michael to refuse the wine that the princesses offer him, as it is enchanted to make him fall asleep, allowing him to stay awake and follow them.
Question 4
What magical object does Michael use to become invisible and follow the princesses?
- A magic ring from the old woman
- A cloak of invisibility given by the king
- A cap of invisibility from the old woman
- A pair of enchanted boots that hide his footsteps
Show answer
C. A cap of invisibility from the old woman The old woman gives Michael a cap of invisibility, which he uses to follow the princesses unseen as they travel through the secret passage to the underground kingdom.
Question 5
Where do the princesses go each night to dance?
- A hidden ballroom in the castle attic
- A magical forest outside the castle
- An underground kingdom with silver, gold, and diamond trees
- A neighboring kingdom's royal ball
Show answer
C. An underground kingdom with silver, gold, and diamond trees The princesses descend through a secret passage to an enchanted underground kingdom, where they dance with princes under trees made of silver, gold, and diamonds, as described in Sanderson's illustrations and text.
Question 6
What evidence does Michael collect to prove he has discovered the princesses' secret?
- A lock of hair from each princess
- Branches from the silver, gold, and diamond trees
- A map of the underground kingdom
- A signed confession from the eldest princess
Show answer
B. Branches from the silver, gold, and diamond trees Michael breaks off branches from the silver, gold, and diamond trees in the underground kingdom as tangible proof to show the king, which convinces him of the truth.
Question 7
In Ruth Sanderson's retelling, what is a key theme emphasized through the story?
- The importance of honesty and keeping promises
- The value of cleverness and resourcefulness over brute strength
- The dangers of greed and materialism
- The power of love at first sight
Show answer
B. The value of cleverness and resourcefulness over brute strength Michael's success comes from his cleverness in following the old woman's advice and using the invisibility cap, rather than force, highlighting resourcefulness as a central theme in this version.
Question 8
How do the princesses react when Michael reveals his discovery to the king?
- They deny everything and accuse Michael of lying
- They are relieved and confess willingly
- They are initially angry but eventually accept the truth
- They try to escape the castle immediately
Show answer
C. They are initially angry but eventually accept the truth The princesses are upset and angry when Michael presents the branches as evidence, but they cannot deny the proof, and they ultimately accept the outcome, leading to Michael's marriage to the eldest princess.
Question 9
What role does the old woman play in the story?
- She is a disguised fairy testing the princesses' kindness
- She is a wise helper who provides crucial advice and magical aid to Michael
- She is the mother of the underground princes
- She is a servant in the castle who spies on the princesses
Show answer
B. She is a wise helper who provides crucial advice and magical aid to Michael The old woman acts as a mentor figure, giving Michael the key advice to avoid the enchanted wine and the cap of invisibility, which are essential for his success in solving the mystery.
Question 10
In the context of Ruth Sanderson's illustrations, what enhances the magical atmosphere of the underground kingdom?
- Detailed maps showing the layout of the kingdom
- Lavish oil paintings with rich colors and shimmering effects on the trees
- Black-and-white sketches to emphasize mystery
- Photographic images of real forests
Show answer
B. Lavish oil paintings with rich colors and shimmering effects on the trees Sanderson's full-color oil paintings use vibrant hues and glittering details to depict the silver, gold, and diamond trees, creating a visually enchanting setting that complements the fantastical elements of the story.
The Twelve Dancing Princesses FAQ
What is 'The Twelve Dancing Princesses' by Ruth Sanderson about?
The book is a retelling of the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tale about twelve princesses who mysteriously wear out their shoes every night. Their father, the king, offers a reward to anyone who can discover their secret, leading a humble soldier to solve the mystery with the help of an invisibility cloak and follow them through an enchanted forest to a magical underground palace where they dance with princes.
Why should I read Ruth Sanderson's version of 'The Twelve Dancing Princesses'?
Ruth Sanderson's version combines a faithful retelling of the original Grimm tale with stunning, lavish full-color oil paintings that bring the fantasy world to life. Her detailed illustrations enhance the magical atmosphere, making it an ideal choice for children and fairy tale enthusiasts who appreciate visual storytelling alongside the classic narrative.
What is the background/setting of 'The Twelve Dancing Princesses'?
The story is set in a medieval-style kingdom ruled by a king. The primary settings include the royal castle, where the princesses are confined, and an enchanted underground realm accessible through a hidden passage. This magical world features a forest with silver, gold, and diamond trees and a palace where the princesses dance nightly with enchanted princes.
What are the most memorable quotes from the book?
While Sanderson's retelling adapts the original tale, notable lines include the king's proclamation, 'Whoever discovers where my daughters dance at night shall have one of them for his wife,' and the soldier's realization, 'I must follow them and see their secret.' These quotes highlight the central mystery and the protagonist's determination.
What writing style does Ruth Sanderson use in this book?
Ruth Sanderson employs a straightforward, narrative style that stays true to the traditional fairy tale format, with clear prose suitable for children. Her writing is descriptive but concise, allowing her detailed oil paintings to complement the text and immerse readers in the magical elements of the story.
What minor details add significant meaning to the story?
Minor details like the princesses' worn-out shoes each morning symbolize their secret rebellion and desire for freedom. The invisibility cloak given to the soldier by an old woman represents humility and cleverness over brute force, emphasizing that solving the mystery requires wit rather than strength.
What are some subtle foreshadowing moments in the book?
Foreshadowing occurs early when the king mentions the worn shoes, hinting at nightly activities. The soldier's encounter with the old woman, who provides the cloak and advice, subtly sets up his success, contrasting with previous failed attempts by others who lacked such guidance.
What unexpected character connections exist in the story?
An unexpected connection is between the soldier and the old woman he meets; her aid is crucial, suggesting a theme of kindness rewarded. Additionally, the enchanted princes in the underground palace are linked to the princesses through a spell, implying a shared captivity that bonds them in their nightly dances.
What are the unspoken motivations of the princesses?
The princesses are motivated by a desire for freedom and adventure beyond their confined royal life. Their nightly escapes to dance represent a rebellion against their father's control and a search for joy and autonomy, though this is never explicitly stated, adding depth to their actions.
What psychological complexities do the characters exhibit?
The king exhibits complexity through his mix of concern for his daughters and authoritarian control, while the soldier shows resilience and curiosity. The princesses display a collective identity, with their secretive behavior hinting at shared psychological needs for escapism and independence.
What are the major emotional turning points in the book?
Key emotional turning points include the soldier's decision to take on the challenge, creating suspense; his discovery of the secret, leading to triumph; and the resolution where he chooses a princess to marry, offering a sense of closure and reward for his perseverance.
How do the relationship dynamics evolve between the characters?
The relationship evolves from the king's distrust and the princesses' secrecy to a resolution where the soldier earns trust by uncovering the truth. His marriage to one of the princesses symbolizes a new alliance, transforming the dynamic from conflict to harmony and integration into the royal family.
Which parts of the story remain ambiguous or open-ended?
Ambiguities include the origin of the enchantment binding the princes and the exact nature of the magical realm. The story does not explain why the princesses were compelled to dance nightly or what happens to the other princesses and princes after the soldier's success, leaving these elements open to interpretation.
What are controversial scenes or decisions in the book?
Some readers might find the king's offer of marriage as a reward controversial, as it treats the princesses as prizes. Additionally, the soldier's use of invisibility to spy on the princesses could be seen as an invasion of privacy, though it is framed as necessary to solve the mystery.
How does 'The Twelve Dancing Princesses' end, and what does it mean?
The story ends with the soldier revealing the secret to the king, choosing the eldest princess as his wife, and becoming the heir to the kingdom. This conclusion emphasizes themes of reward for cleverness and integrity, suggesting that honesty and perseverance lead to success and social elevation.
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