The English Teacher by R.K. Narayan, book cover

The English Teacher Summary

by R.K. Narayan

3.80 Goodreads · 4k ratingsLiterary Fiction180 pages15-min summary

In Malgudi, a disillusioned English teacher's comfortable home life is shattered by tragedy, forcing him to find his life's purpose and make a life-altering decision.

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Synopsis

Covers the whole plot, including the ending.

Krishna, an English teacher in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi, finds himself increasingly dissatisfied with his profession despite a seemingly content domestic life with his wife, Susila, and their young daughter, Leela. His world is shattered when Susila tragically dies from typhoid, plunging him into profound grief and existential crisis. This devastating loss forces Krishna to re-evaluate his entire existence, leading him on a spiritual journey where he seeks to communicate with his deceased wife through a medium. Through these experiences, Krishna grapples with the nature of love, loss, and the true purpose of life, ultimately finding a new direction and a deeper understanding of himself and his place in the world, which involves leaving his teaching post to pursue a path of spiritual service and education for children.
Difficulty
Easy
Pacing
Slow
Mood
Melancholy, reflective, hopeful, spiritual

The English Teacher Plot Summary

Covers the whole plot, including the ending.

  1. A Life of Routine and Mild Discontent

    Krishna teaches English at Albert Mission College in Malgudi, a job he has held for many years. He finds teaching Shakespeare and Milton somewhat dull and feels a sense of unfulfillment, thinking he should be doing something else. His days are predictable: lecturing students, grading papers, and dealing with his colleagues and the principal. Despite this, he enjoys his home life and looks forward to his wife, Susila, and young daughter, Leela, returning from her parents' house in a distant town. He carefully prepares for their return, finding a suitable house and furnishing it to his wife's taste.

  2. Domestic Bliss and Settling In

    Susila and Leela finally arrive, changing Krishna's solitary life into one filled with domestic joy. Leela's innocent play and Susila's calm presence fill his home with warmth and laughter. Krishna enjoys the simple parts of family life: watching his daughter play, talking with his wife, and doing small chores. Susila, practical and kind, quickly makes their new home comfortable. Krishna feels deeply content, his earlier vague dissatisfactions fading as he embraces being a husband and father. He starts to see his teaching job simply as a way to support this cherished home life.

  3. Leela's Schooling and Susila's Illness

    Leela starts attending a small, unusual 'kindergarten' run by an eccentric headmaster. Krishna is skeptical at first but soon finds the headmaster's unique methods charming. Meanwhile, Susila gets a persistent fever. They initially dismiss it as a common illness, trying home remedies and local doctors. Krishna is worried but tries to stay positive, believing it is temporary. He cares for her, trying to make her comfortable, while Leela remains mostly unaware of how serious her mother's condition is. The illness, however, continues and worsens, casting a shadow over their happy home life and bringing fear and uncertainty.

  4. The Diagnosis and Mounting Anxiety

    As Susila's fever worsens and her health declines, Krishna seeks more specialized medical help. A new, more experienced doctor diagnoses typhoid. This news fills Krishna with deep anxiety and fear. He carefully follows the doctor's instructions, making sure Susila gets her medicine and care, but he feels helpless as she gets sicker. The once lively atmosphere of their home is replaced by a tense, quiet watch. Leela is sent to stay with Susila's parents, protecting her from the harsh reality, while Krishna deals with the terrifying chance of losing his wife.

  5. A Desperate Struggle and Tragic Loss

    Krishna dedicates himself to Susila's care, spending sleepless nights by her bedside, checking her temperature, and giving medicines. He consults many doctors, tries different treatments, and even attempts to communicate with her through a medium recommended by a friend, clinging to any hope. The struggle is long and painful, with periods of false hope and crushing despair. Despite all efforts, Susila's condition worsens. She dies, leaving Krishna devastated. The world he had built, centered on his wife and daughter, shatters, leaving him with a deep sense of loss. His domestic happiness ends suddenly and tragically.

  6. Grief and Solitude

    After Susila's death, Krishna is overwhelmed by grief. His home, once a place of joy, now feels empty and silent, a constant reminder of his loss. He struggles with simple tasks, his mind full of memories of Susila. Leela, too young to fully grasp death, also feels her mother's absence. Krishna finds little comfort in his teaching, which now seems even more meaningless. He avoids social interactions, preferring solitude to others' well-meaning but often awkward attempts to comfort him. His days become a cycle of work and lonely evenings, marked by despair and an inability to imagine a future without Susila.

  7. A Glimmer of the Beyond

    In his desperate search for connection and comfort, Krishna remembers the medium his friend suggested during Susila's illness. He decides to try this, initially skeptical but driven by intense longing. To his surprise, the medium conveys messages that seem genuinely from Susila. These communications are not simple sayings but contain details and feelings that deeply resonate with Krishna, convincing him they are real. He finds a new, though unusual, way to connect with his deceased wife, bringing a strange mix of comfort and bewilderment. This experience opens his mind to the possibility of a spiritual realm.

  8. Deepening Spiritual Connection

    As Krishna continues his sessions with the medium, communications with Susila become clearer and more frequent. The medium eventually suggests that Krishna might be able to establish a direct, telepathic connection with Susila himself, without the medium. Krishna meditates and focuses his mind, and to his joy and surprise, he succeeds. He begins to hear Susila's voice in his mind, feeling her presence, and having silent conversations. This direct connection offers immense comfort and a sense of reunion, changing his grief into a deeper understanding of life and death. Susila guides him, offering comfort and subtle advice, helping him navigate his new reality.

  9. The Call of the Soul

    Through his direct spiritual communications, Susila gently guides Krishna toward a deeper understanding of his purpose. She reminds him of his earlier dissatisfaction with his teaching job and encourages him to pursue work that truly suits him. She subtly steers him toward working with children, suggesting that his energy and love for Leela could extend to other young minds. This resonates with Krishna, who has always liked children and found joy in Leela's innocence. He starts to see his true calling not in college academics but in early childhood education, a path that feels authentic and fulfilling.

  10. A New Path and a Difficult Decision

    Inspired by Susila's guidance and his growing desire for meaningful work, Krishna decides to resign from his secure, but unfulfilling, position at Albert Mission College. This is a big step, as his job provides stability and income. He informs his principal, who is initially confused and tries to dissuade him, pointing out the financial risks. However, Krishna is firm. He plans to start his own school, one focused on a child's overall development rather than strict academic structures, much like Leela's unconventional kindergarten. This decision marks a significant turning point, showing his commitment to a life of purpose, guided by his spiritual connection to Susila and his new passion.

  11. The First Steps of a New Beginning

    With his resignation final, Krishna eagerly begins his new venture. He starts his school simply, with Leela and a few other neighborhood children. He uses a gentle, caring approach, focusing on play, observation, and encouraging natural curiosity, rather than formal lessons. He finds great joy and fulfillment in this work, feeling a deep connection to the children and a sense of purpose he had never experienced in his previous job. His spiritual connection with Susila remains strong, providing continued guidance and a sense of her presence. This new beginning, though modest, represents a complete change in Krishna's life, from academic drudgery to heartfelt service, guided by love and loss.

The English Teacher Characters

Krishna

Protagonist

A college English teacher who undergoes a profound spiritual transformation after personal tragedy.

Krishna is a sensitive and introspective man, initially portrayed as somewhat detached from his teaching profession at Albert Mission College, feeling a vague sense of unfulfillment. He is deeply devoted to his wife, Susila, and daughter, Leela, finding his greatest joy and purpose in his domestic life. His intellectual nature is balanced by a strong emotional core. After Susila's sudden death, he experiences intense grief and despair, which eventually leads him to explore spiritualism and develop a profound, direct connection with his deceased wife. This experience fundamentally reshapes his understanding of life, death, and his own purpose, guiding him towards a new path.

Relationships: Susila (Wife, spiritual guide); Leela (Daughter); The Principal (Boss, colleague); Sastri (Friend, colleague)

Susila

Supporting

Krishna's beloved wife, whose presence brings him joy and whose death sparks his spiritual journey.

Susila is portrayed as a gentle, practical, and loving wife and mother. Her arrival in Malgudi brings immense joy and domestic stability to Krishna's life. She is efficient in managing their home, caring for Leela, and providing Krishna with a sense of belonging and purpose. Her presence grounds him and fills his life with simple happiness. Her sudden and tragic death from typhoid is the pivotal event of the novel, plunging Krishna into despair but ultimately initiating his spiritual awakening. Even after her death, she continues to play a central role, communicating with Krishna and guiding him towards his true calling.

Relationships: Krishna (Husband, soulmate); Leela (Daughter)

Leela

Supporting

Krishna and Susila's young daughter, a source of innocent joy and a catalyst for Krishna's new path.

Leela is Krishna and Susila's young daughter, full of the innocent charm and boundless energy of childhood. She is a constant source of delight for Krishna, who dotes on her. Her simple observations and playful antics provide moments of lightheartedness amidst the unfolding drama. While too young to fully comprehend the tragedy of her mother's death, her presence remains a vital link to Susila for Krishna. Her eventual enrollment in an unconventional kindergarten, and Krishna's observations of her learning, subtly influence his decision to leave his teaching job and start his own school, focused on child-centric education.

Relationships: Krishna (Father); Susila (Mother); Headmaster (Teacher)

The Headmaster

Supporting

The eccentric and insightful head of Leela's kindergarten, who inspires Krishna.

The Headmaster runs the 'kindergarten' that Leela attends. He is a distinctive and somewhat eccentric character, with an unconventional approach to education that prioritizes play, freedom, and the natural development of children over strict academic curricula. He is insightful and possesses a deep understanding of child psychology. Initially, Krishna is skeptical of his methods, but he soon comes to admire the Headmaster's philosophy and passion. The Headmaster's school serves as a practical example and inspiration for Krishna's eventual decision to leave college teaching and establish his own child-focused educational institution, representing an alternative to traditional schooling.

Relationships: Krishna (Acquaintance, inspiration); Leela (Student)

The Principal

Supporting

Krishna's pragmatic and somewhat traditional superior at Albert Mission College.

The Principal of Albert Mission College is a figure of authority and tradition. He is generally well-meaning but operates within the conventional academic structures. He values Krishna as a teacher and is surprised and somewhat dismayed by Krishna's eventual decision to resign. He represents the established, secure, but ultimately unfulfilling world that Krishna chooses to leave behind. His interactions with Krishna highlight the contrast between a life of routine and security versus one driven by spiritual conviction and personal fulfillment. He tries to dissuade Krishna from his radical career change, emphasizing the practical difficulties.

Relationships: Krishna (Boss, colleague)

Sastri

Supporting

Krishna's colleague and friend, who introduces him to the world of spiritualism.

Sastri is a colleague of Krishna at Albert Mission College and a good friend. He is more open to spiritual and metaphysical ideas than Krishna initially is. It is Sastri who introduces Krishna to the concept of spiritual mediums and helps him make contact with one after Susila's death. He serves as a bridge for Krishna into the world of the unseen, offering guidance and support during Krishna's period of intense grief and spiritual exploration. Sastri's belief in the afterlife and his practical advice in seeking a medium are crucial for Krishna's journey of connecting with Susila.

Relationships: Krishna (Friend, colleague)

The Medium

Supporting

A spiritualist who facilitates Krishna's initial contact with Susila's spirit.

The Medium is an unnamed individual who possesses the ability to communicate with spirits. Krishna seeks her out on Sastri's recommendation after Susila's death, initially with skepticism. The Medium's sessions provide Krishna with the first undeniable evidence of Susila's continued presence and consciousness beyond death. She acts as an intermediary, conveying messages and details that convince Krishna of the authenticity of the communications. Her role is crucial in initiating Krishna's spiritual journey and paving the way for his eventual direct telepathic connection with Susila, serving as a catalyst for his profound transformation.

Relationships: Krishna (Client, facilitator of spiritual contact)

The English Teacher Themes

The Search for Meaning and Purpose

Krishna begins the novel feeling a vague dissatisfaction as an English teacher, sensing he is not doing what he 'ought to be doing.' This search for meaning is initially overshadowed by the joy of his home life with Susila and Leela. However, Susila's death removes this external source of purpose, forcing Krishna to face his inner emptiness. His spiritual journey and connection with Susila's spirit guide him to find his true calling in child education, moving him from an intellectual routine to heartfelt service and genuine fulfillment. The theme explores how a profound personal experience can redefine one's life's direction.

“I was struck with the feeling that I was not doing what I ought to do. I was a serious-minded young man, but I was frittering away my time on Shakespeare and Dr. Johnson. I felt I was not doing justice to myself.”
Krishna (narrator)

Love, Loss, and Grief

The novel explores love, the impact of loss, and grief. Krishna's deep love for Susila and Leela forms the emotional core of his life, making her sudden death an unbearable tragedy. His initial grief is overwhelming, marked by despair, solitude, and a deep sense of emptiness. The story details his struggle to cope with Susila's absence, his longing for connection, and the slow path toward acceptance and healing. Ultimately, the theme suggests that love goes beyond physical death, finding new forms of expression and connection through spiritual means, changing grief into a reason for growth.

“A profound and unshakeable misery settled on me. My world had come to a standstill. I felt as if I had been cut off from all that was vital and meaningful.”
Krishna (narrator)

Spirituality and the Afterlife

A central theme of the novel is the exploration of spirituality and communicating with the deceased. Krishna, initially skeptical, is driven by his grief to seek contact with Susila through a medium. This experience opens his mind to a spiritual realm and eventually leads to a direct, telepathic connection with Susila. The novel shows this spiritual connection not as a supernatural event, but as a comforting reality that offers guidance and solace. This theme questions traditional views of death and suggests that love and consciousness can go beyond physical life, offering a unique perspective on mourning and continuity.

“The wall between us was gone. I could hear her, feel her presence, and know her thoughts. It was like a new dimension had opened up in my life.”
Krishna (narrator)

The Nature of Education

The novel examines two different approaches to education. Krishna's role as an English teacher represents a traditional, somewhat rigid, and uninspiring system focused on rote learning. In contrast, the Headmaster's kindergarten, which Leela attends, embodies a progressive, child-centered philosophy emphasizing play, freedom, and natural development. Krishna's eventual decision to leave his college job and start his own school, inspired by Susila and the Headmaster, shows a rejection of the former and an embrace of the latter. This theme highlights the importance of an education that nurtures the whole child and aligns with genuine passion.

“I felt that what I was doing was not teaching at all, but merely pushing certain types of information into unwilling brains.”
Krishna (narrator)

Plot Devices & Literary Techniques

Spiritual Mediumship and Telepathy

A means for Krishna to communicate with his deceased wife.

This device serves as the primary mechanism for Krishna's spiritual awakening and healing. Initially, a professional medium acts as an intermediary, relaying messages from Susila. This gradually evolves into Krishna developing his own direct telepathic communication with her. This device is crucial for demonstrating the novel's central theme of life after death and the enduring power of love. It allows Susila to continue influencing Krishna's life, offering guidance and comfort, and ultimately inspiring his career change, thus driving the plot towards its resolution and Krishna's transformation.

Symbolism of the Home

The house represents Krishna's emotional state and life stages.

The home serves as a powerful symbol throughout the novel. Initially, the meticulously prepared house for Susila and Leela represents Krishna's anticipation of domestic bliss and the fulfillment he finds in family life. After Susila's death, the same house becomes a hollow, silent space, symbolizing his profound grief and emptiness. As Krishna begins his spiritual journey and contemplates his new calling, the home transforms again, becoming a space for spiritual connection and eventually the setting for his new, unconventional school. It mirrors Krishna's emotional journey from contentment, to devastation, and finally to renewed purpose.

The Contrast of Education Systems

The juxtaposition of traditional college teaching versus holistic child education.

This device highlights Krishna's journey of self-discovery and his eventual alignment with his true calling. The Albert Mission College, with its rigid curriculum and uninspired teaching, represents the unfulfilling path Krishna initially treads. In contrast, the Headmaster's kindergarten, characterized by freedom, play, and a child-centric approach, offers a vision of meaningful education. This stark contrast serves to underscore Krishna's growing dissatisfaction with his old life and his burgeoning passion for a more authentic, purposeful form of teaching, ultimately leading to his radical career change and the establishment of his own school.

Quiz

10 questions on the plot and the characters. Each answer comes with a short explanation.

  1. Question 1

    What is the name of the town where Krishna teaches?

    1. Chennai
    2. Malgudi
    3. Mysore
    4. Bangalore
    Show answer

    B. Malgudi The book explicitly states that Krishna teaches in the town of Malgudi.

  2. Question 2

    What is Krishna's profession?

    1. A doctor
    2. A lawyer
    3. An English teacher
    4. A shopkeeper
    Show answer

    C. An English teacher The title of the book and the description clearly identify Krishna as an English teacher.

  3. Question 3

    What feeling does Krishna often experience regarding his work?

    1. He feels he is doing the right work.
    2. He feels he is doing the wrong work.
    3. He feels indifferent about his work.
    4. He feels proud of his work.
    Show answer

    B. He feels he is doing the wrong work. The text mentions Krishna is 'nagged by the feeling he's doing the wrong work'.

  4. Question 4

    Who waits for Krishna outside the house every afternoon?

    1. His parents
    2. His friends
    3. His wife and young daughter
    4. His students
    Show answer

    C. His wife and young daughter The description states, 'his wife and young daughter wait for him outside the house every afternoon'.

  5. Question 5

    What significant event devastates Krishna?

    1. The death of his daughter
    2. The death of his wife
    3. Losing his job
    4. A financial crisis
    Show answer

    B. The death of his wife The text explicitly states Krishna is 'devastated by the death of his wife'.

  6. Question 6

    What does Krishna realize after his wife's death?

    1. He wants to quit his job immediately.
    2. He wants to move to a new town.
    3. What he really wants to do.
    4. He needs to find a new wife.
    Show answer

    C. What he really wants to do. Following his wife's death, Krishna 'comes to realise what he really wants to do'.

  7. Question 7

    What is the genre of the book 'The English Teacher'?

    1. Science Fiction
    2. Mystery
    3. Romance
    4. Literary Fiction, Historical Fiction
    Show answer

    D. Literary Fiction, Historical Fiction The provided text explicitly lists the genres as 'Literary Fiction, Historical Fiction'.

  8. Question 8

    What is the primary internal conflict Krishna grapples with at the beginning of the story?

    1. Loneliness and isolation.
    2. Dissatisfaction with his profession.
    3. Financial insecurity.
    4. Family disputes.
    Show answer

    B. Dissatisfaction with his profession. Krishna is 'nagged by the feeling he's doing the wrong work', indicating his primary internal conflict is professional dissatisfaction.

  9. Question 9

    The death of Krishna's wife serves as a catalyst for what?

    1. His complete breakdown and inability to function.
    2. A profound shift in his perspective and life direction.
    3. His decision to leave his daughter.
    4. His desire to return to his hometown.
    Show answer

    B. A profound shift in his perspective and life direction. The text states that after his wife's death, he 'comes to realise what he really wants to do, and makes a decision that will change his life forever', indicating a profound shift.

  10. Question 10

    Which of the following best describes the overall arc of Krishna's character development in the provided summary?

    1. From contentment to despair.
    2. From dissatisfaction to self-discovery and decisive action.
    3. From domestic happiness to professional ruin.
    4. From idealism to cynicism.
    Show answer

    B. From dissatisfaction to self-discovery and decisive action. Krishna starts with dissatisfaction in his work but finds clarity and makes a life-changing decision after a personal tragedy, suggesting a journey towards self-discovery and action.

The English Teacher FAQ

What is R.K. Narayan's 'The English Teacher' about?

'The English Teacher' by R.K. Narayan tells the story of Krishna, an English teacher in Malgudi, who feels unfulfilled in his profession. The novel explores his domestic joys, his profound grief after his wife's death, and his eventual realization and life-altering decision.

Who is the main character in 'The English Teacher'?

The main character is Krishna, an English teacher living in the fictional town of Malgudi. His personal journey and internal struggles are central to the narrative.

What themes are explored in 'The English Teacher'?

The novel delves into themes of disillusionment with one's work, the profound impact of love and loss, the search for meaning, and the transformative power of grief. It also touches upon the nature of teaching and education.

Is 'The English Teacher' a sad book?

While the novel deals with significant loss and grief, particularly the death of Krishna's wife, it is not solely a sad book. It also celebrates the joys of domestic life and explores themes of spiritual growth and self-discovery.

What is the setting of 'The English Teacher'?

The story is set in Malgudi, a fictional South Indian town created by R.K. Narayan. Malgudi serves as a recurring setting in many of Narayan's works, known for its charming and ordinary life.

What does Krishna realize after his wife's death?

After his wife's death, Krishna realizes the superficiality of his previous professional dissatisfaction and comes to understand the deeper meaning of life, love, and his connection to his daughter. This realization prompts a significant change in his life path.

What kind of book is 'The English Teacher'?

'The English Teacher' is classified as literary fiction and historical fiction. It is known for its introspective narrative, subtle humor, and poignant portrayal of Indian life.

What is the significance of Krishna's decision at the end of the book?

Krishna's final decision signifies his profound personal growth and his commitment to what truly matters to him, moving beyond societal expectations and his initial career dissatisfaction to embrace a more meaningful existence.

How does R.K. Narayan portray the teaching profession in 'The English Teacher'?

Narayan portrays the teaching profession through Krishna's initial feelings of ennui and his later reflections. The novel suggests that the true value of teaching lies not just in imparting knowledge, but in personal connection and finding one's own sense of purpose.

Is 'The English Teacher' autobiographical?

While not strictly autobiographical, R.K. Narayan often drew inspiration from his own life experiences and observations. The novel reflects certain aspects of his philosophical outlook and his understanding of domestic life and the Indian intellectual.

About the author

R.K. Narayan

R.K. Narayan

R.K. Narayan was an Indian author known for his works set in the fictional town of Malgudi. His notable books include "Malgudi Days," "Swami and Friends," "The Guide," "The English Teacher," "The Bachelor of Arts," and "A Tiger for Malgudi," which explore themes of everyday life and human relationships. Narayan's writing is characterized by its simplicity and humor, reflecting Indian culture and society.

All 7 summaries of R.K. Narayan's books →

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